Hoods mysticism scale, based on walter staces distinction between. Religious and spiritual issues in psychiatric diagnosis. First, mysticism emphasizes a direct experience of god. However, the central problem in the study of mystics and of mysticism remains one of definition, for there is an astonishingly wide variety of connotations associated with those terms, which was pointed out from. Regression analysis showed that postsession mysticism scores also predicted personal wellbeing, life satisfaction, and positive behavior change at 1month and 14month followup assessments. And so in this spirit of discovering workable answers to ageold. In meeting dr suzuki and drinking a cup of tea with him i felt i had met this one man. Christian mysticism score a books total score is based on multiple factors, including the number of people who have voted for it and how highly those voters ranked the book. In a mostly christian american sample n 1,379, confirmatory factor analysis of hood s 1975 mysticism scale verified the existence of staces 1960 introvertive and extrovertive dimensions of mystical phenomenology along with a separate. This is a 32 item questionnaire that is scored in a particular way and is calculated to test the veracity of staces theories. She was one of the most widely read writers on such matters in the first half of the twentieth century.
This is a 32 item questionnaire that is scored in a particular way. Christian mysticism is unique among the courses taught by thomas merton during his term as novice master at the abbey of gethsemani 19551965 in that it was not intended for or presented to the novices. These components were identical to those already mentioned with the exception of the paradoxical quality, which hood dropped, and the perception of an inner subjectivity and consciousness within all things, which he added. The book of mystic wisdom as told by philpop the weary, magician to the court of his most sovereign lord british. Mysticism is an attempt to commune experientially with god or some life force and to find spiritual understanding beyond words and ideas through various means and practices. Using the 12item mystical experience an abridged version of hood s mysticism scale anthony, hermans. Content pages of the encyclopedia of religion and social. Spirituality and mysticism a sociological perspective. The first factor was associatedwithfiveofstacesfeaturesofreligiousexperienceunityindiversity, inner subjectivity, timelessness and spacelessness, loss of self, and ineffabilityand was interpreted by hood as an experiential factor. This distinction between mystical and religious experience is also supported empirically in the structure of hood s mysticism scale e. Scholarly approaches to mysticism include typologies of mysticism and the explanation of mystical states. The battery examines a range of dimensions, but in general it attempts to determine levels of submission to authority and adherence to conventional or traditional values, accompanied by the belief that. Following are three fundamental, interrelated characteristics of mysticism.
There is a doubtless apocryphal but well known anecdote about the american visitor in london who tried to shake hands with a waxwork policeman in the entrance of madame tussauds. The point of each chapter or lesson in mystical science is its practice point. Christian and buddhist in meeting him one seemed to meet that true man of no title that chuang tzu and the zen masters speak of. On the basis of responses to his mscale, hood 1975 uncovered a twofactor model of mystical experience. Practical mysticism by evelyn underhill free pdf download. The construction and preliminary validation of a measure 31 test. Mysticaltype experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate. Among the claims to a specifically unique form of religious experience, mysticism is most commonly cited. Evelyn underhill was an english writer and pacifist known for her many works on religion and spiritual practice, in particular christian mysticism. If youre looking for a free download links of mysticism pdf, epub, docx and torrent then this site is not for you. Mysticism and spirituality page 211 mysticism and spirituality mysticism and spirituality are similar but not identical terms. The ecstasy of the end edited by thomas cattoi and christopher m.
Hood and williamson 2000, which was developed according to staces 1960 framework, is the most widely used quantitative measure of mystical experience. Religion dictionary teaching tools the learning center. The responses are scored to generate values for extrovertive mysticism, religious interpretation, and introvertive mysticism. The final 32 item scale consists of the two best positively expressed and the two best negatively expressed items for each category determined by these procedures. This difference was not significant and supported the hypothesis that the scales. Validation of the revised mystical experience questionnaire in experimental sessions with psilocybin. A pilot study was conducted to develop a scale to measure selfactualization. For jews, the history of talmudic learning reinforces both the value of learning and critical thinking, making jews one of the highest educated and financially successful religious groups in the united states hood, hill and spika 2009. Mysticism, a study in the nature and development of mans spiritual consciousness by underhill, evelyn, 18751941. The construction and preliminary validation of a measure. Mysticism ebooks collection pdf mysticism ebooks collection pdf mysticism ebooks collection pdf download. Responses to the mystical scale by religious jewish. Hood is also well known for researching snake handling in the appalachian mountains. The construction and preliminary validation of a measure of.
First published in 1911, mysticism remains the classic in its field. Hood s mysticism scale, based on walter staces distinction between introverted and extroverted mysticism, was developed in the 1970s, and is a wellknown research instrument for mystical experiences. To assess how mystical these folk were, jeffery applied the hood mysticism scale test to the 36 of us. Sep 27, 2010 practical mysticism by evelyn underhill. This validated scale will be used as one of the evaluation questionnaires for the study. Hood entered the field in the early 70s when he was a young man. Second, it hypothesized that individuals who report persistent nonsymbolic experience would score higher on hood s mysticism scale than those who do not report such experiences. Among these are the spiritual involvement and belief scale, the hood mysticism scale, the spiritual wellbeing scale, the royal free interview for religious and spiritual beliefs, the hoge intrinsic religious motivation scale, and death anxiety scales. Responses to the mystical scale by religious jewish persons. So, we recruited a cohort of 42 parkinsons patients and 39 controls with chronic respiratory disease, non. The dark night of the soul, stand, i think, as the culmination of the western tradition of mysticism. A twofactor solution, closely similar to hoods twocomponent solution, yields factors. Mystical experience and metaphysics paul marshall in chapter 2 of beyond physicalism, i suggest that mystical experience, if a source of genuine metaphysical insight, can shed light on a variety of extraordinary phenomena, including psi and neardeath experience, as well as the mystery that is ordinary consciousness.
Congruence between neardeath and mystical experience. A factoranalytic study dale caird responses of 115 subjects to hoods mscale were subjected to principal axis factor analysis, for the purpose of verifying the factorial structure reported by hood 1975. Mystical, religious, and spiritual experiences springerlink. The second question concerns the connection between reported mystical. Mysticism refers to the experience of god, whereas spirituality is the whole process of growth from inauthenticity into full relationship with god. An intact group of 23 advanced psychology students achieved a mean of 114. Ralph hood, phd talks about his mysticism scale, religion. Mysticism ebooks collection pdf library of occult pdf, ancient, mystical, religious, magical sacred texts and. Hoods 1975 mysticism scale was derived explicitly from staces common core. Mysticism scale 1 the mysticism scale as measure for subjective spirituality. In this chapter, we suggest the use of hoods mysticism scale mscale for a differential assessment of. In a mostly christian american sample n 1,379, confirmatory factor analysis of hood s 1975 mysticism scale verified the existence of staces 1960 introvertive and extrovertive dimensions of mystical phenomenology along with a separate interpretation factor. The practice point of the fifth lesson for in stance is not the acknowledgment of the vicarious jesus, but the self recognition that he practiced and urged all mankind to practice, that each one might do some.
Emphasis is placed 1 on the conceptualisation of stace and the operationalisation \ud afforded by the hood mysticism scale, and 2 on the conceptualisation of happold and the \ud operationalisation afforded by the francislouden mystical orientation scale. The 44question survey was mailed to south carolina sc resident hunting. This article considers visual or plastic fine art from the viewpoints of western metaphysics and mysticism. Hood s scale remains popular today as a means of measuring mystical experience. Assessing mystical experiences hood s mysticism scale animal rituals and the roots of religiosity introduction ritual in the animal world what are rituals. On january 14, 1961, merton had written to herbert mason, in march and april i have to teach eigh. Mysticaltype experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later rr griffiths department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and department of neuroscience, johns hopkins university school of medicine, baltimore, maryland, usa. And of course this is the man one really wants to meet.
Using an abridged version of hood s mysticism scale, we join the debate with a study of a much larger number of christian, muslim, and hindu respondents 1,920 college students living in tamil nadu, india. This is a revised version of the hood mysticism scale also offered on this site, immediately above, designed for ease of understanding. This difference was not significant and supported the hypothesis that the scales were equivalent. Hood s 1975 construction and validation of a measure of reported mystical experiences allows experimental studies of the factors influencing their induction. The three factor solution for the mysticism scale has been shown to be rather stable across diverse samples. Introduction betweenthemysticsofanypastageandour selvesthereis,quiteapartfromtheproblemof themysticconsciousnessitself,abarrieroftime. Eight items, some adapted from hood s 1975 mysticism scale, were designed to measure the transcendent nature of the experience appendix 1. A comparative study of mystical experience among christian. Hood developed a mysticism scale based on the theoretical work of stace. The scale has allowed hood to analyze mysticism in relation to a variety of domains such as church participation, selfactualization, nature experiences, personality correlates, gender, knowledge and experience criteria, death, the paranormal, the psychology of religion, the freudian critique of religion, and the self. Since that time he has done a huge a mount of research and is best known for developing what is called the mysticism scale, or m scale. This experience of selfloss and of a sense of ultimate unity is found both within the major faith traditions where it is given a specific religious interpretation and outside of institutional religion where it is associated with spirituality.
The mysticism scale as measure for subjective spirituality. The mysticism scale has generally been shown to be a reliable. Acrobat can automatically scale a pdf to fit the paper, or you can resize pages by setting a specifc percentage. However, it was necessary to develop a scale to measure selfactualization. Take both surveys and help us evaluate the revised version.
Congruence between neardeath and mystical experience bruce greyson division of perceptual studies. Acrobat can size the pages of a pdf to fit the selected paper size. Just as the christian type cannot be understood without reference to christianity, so the mohammedan type must be viewed in connexion with the outward and inward development of islam. Psychometric properties of the polish version of mystical. Meq factor scores showed good internal reliability and correlated with the hood mysticism scale, indicating convergent validity. Content pages of the encyclopedia of religion and social science. There is no doubt about the fact, however, that inner selfdevelopment is a slow and gradual process, but ultimately worth all the effort it takes to achieve it. This paper presents two studies concerned with developing a brief version of the 32item god mysticism scale gms. Validation of a measure of reported mystical experience ralph w. Participants who endorsed having had a mystical experience on psilocybin, compared to those who did not, had significantly higher factor scores, indicating construct validity. Hood s scale includes 8 mystical characteristics, each derived from staces book, mysticism and philosophy. This study addresses two research questions concerning the level and the correlates of mystical experience among adolescents in germany. New results with hood s m scale and the development of a short form. Third, it hypothesized the absence of a simple or linear relationship between scores on the wusct and mysticism scale for those who report nonsymbolic experience.
An experience where all things seemed to be conscious. Factor analysis of the mystical experience questionnaire. Since the 19th century, mystical experience has evolved as a distinctive concept. Hood has created a mysticism scale 1975 based on the theoretical work of stace 1961. Hood s mysticism scale is designed to measure the reported mystical experience of a wide variety of populations and help distinguish experience from interpretation. This book is concerned with the mystics of the christian tradition, those who have gained the direct experience of the divine. That is to say, they are distinguishable though not com pletely separable. Know ye, 0 seeker of the mystic wisdoms, that the ways of magic are diverse and strange. The scale has allowed hood to analyze mysticism in relation to a variety of domains such as church participation, selfactualization, nature experiences, personality correlates, gender, knowledge and experience criteria, death, the paranormal, the psychology. Items are rated on a fivepoint scale with negatively worded items reverse scored. In practical mysticism author edward lee answers typical questions that have been asked of correspondents, instructors, and official representatives of the rosicrucian order, amorc, over his thirty years of employment at the organizations headquarters in san jose, california.
Table 1 shows that these and other demographic characteristics did not differ across the three experimental groups. Mysticism in the twentieth century compiled and written by the venerable s. A battery of questions was developed to assess traits posited as aspects of an authoritarian personality. What did correlate was the postsession score on the hood mysticism scale see figure 3. One is, an experience in which i felt that all things were alive. Correlations indicated that mystical experiences in natural and in humanbuilt environments both significantly predicted psychological wellbeing, but only mystical experiences in. A twofactor solution, closely similar to hood s twocomponent solution, yields factors. This mysticism scale, research form d m scale, has 32 items, four for each of 8 categories of mysticism initially. Considerations of this type led the writer to similar conclusions as the one reached by the spanish philosopher, ortega y gasset, who spoke about the dehumanization of modern art, entailing a new conception of the relationship of art to nature. The second question concerns the connection between reported mystical experience. Similarly, the categories the scale was generated from were created by stace in 1960 to distinguish the core mystical experience.
Refers to the experience of loss of sense of self while consciousness is nevertheless maintained. Hood drew from staces conceptual categories to create an 8item scale. A limited literature suggests that people with parkinsons disease have reduced religious beliefs, practices and experiences, compared to normal healthy controls. There exists the need for utmost concentration and the harvesting of things magical in order that ye may harness the powers of the universe. Document resume ed 381 091 he 028 229 author hruby. Practical mysticism by edward lee the rosicrucian order, amorc. Scale or resize printed pages in acrobat and reader adobe support. Mystical experience and metaphysics esalen institute. An examination of hoods 1975 publication sandy stahlman. His mysticism scale, research form d m scale has 32 items, four for each of eight categories of mysticism initially conceptualized by stace 1960.
A sample of 305 participants completed an amended version of hood s mysticism scale, a measure of psychological wellbeing, and brief environmental behaviour scale. It is closely related to mysticism but lays sole emphasis on the experiential aspect, be it spontaneous or induced by human behavior, whereas mysticism encompasses a broad range of practices aiming at a. In a mostly christian american sample n 79, confirmatory factor analysis of hoods 1975 mysticism scale verified the existence of. Ralph wilbur hood born 1942 is a professor of psychology at university of tennessee at. Hood 1975 constructed the mystical scale m scale to measure the eight components of staces conceptualization. Exploringmyreligion quizzes and surveys exploringmyreligion. The m scale and universal nature of mystical experience. The scale was tested by hood and others in a comparative perspective. Series editors thomas cattoi, graduate theological union, usa bin you, minzu university, china in the series death, dying, and mysticism. A factoranalytic study dale caird responses of 115 subjects to hood s m scale were subjected to principal axis factor analysis, for the purpose of verifying the factorial structure reported by hood 1975. The triune brain and ritual behavior animal rituals the evolution of ritual behaviors conclusions. But we reasoned these results may be confounded by reduced mobility and social isolation associated with parkinsons disease. Department of psychology university of tennessee at chattanooga chattanooga, tenn.